Toll-like receptor signaling pathway PCR array
| 【Numbering】BKMI100011 | 【CAS】CAS | ||
| 【Item No.】BKMI100011-1 | 【specification】 | ||
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【 Main advantage 】
Toll-like receptors (TLRS) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single transmembrane non-catalytic receptors commonly expressed in sentinel cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells that recognize structurally conserved molecules of microbial origin. Once these microbes breach a physical barrier such as the skin or intestinal mucosa, they are recognized by TLR, which activates an immune cell response. TLR includes TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR10, TLR11, TLR12, and TLR13.
TLR signaling is divided into two different signaling pathways, MYD88-dependent pathway and TRIF dependent pathway. The MYD88-dependent reaction occurs on dimerization of the TLR receptor and is used by every TLR except TLR3. Its main function is to activate NFκB and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Ligand binding and conformational changes occurring in the receptor recruit TIR family member adaptor protein MyD88. MyD88 then recruits IRAK4, IRAK1, and IRAK2. The IRAK kinase then phosphorylates and activates the protein TRAF6, which in turn polyubiquitinizes the protein TAK1 and itself to facilitate binding to IKK-β. Upon binding, TAK1 phosphorylates IKK-β and then phosphorylates IκB causing its degradation and allowing NFκB to spread into the nucleus and activate transcription and subsequently induce inflammatory cytokines. Both TLR3 and TLR4 utilize the TRIF dependent pathway, which is triggered by dsRNA and LPS, respectively. For TLR3, dsRNA causes receptor activation to recruit the adaptor TRIF. TRIF activates kinases TBK1 and RIPK1, which produce branches in the signaling pathway. The TRIF/TBK1 signaling complex phosphorylates IRF3, translocation it to the nucleus and produce type I interferon. At the same time, the activation of RIPK1 causes the polyubiquitination and activation of TAK1 and NFκB transcription in the same manner as the MyD88-dependent pathway.
The WCGENE® PCR Array Plate is simple to operate. It is only necessary to mix the cDNA and qPCR mix, then add it to each hole, and then test it on the machine, so that the differentially expressed genes in the sample can be found by analyzing the qPCR results. It has the characteristics of high repeatability, strong sensitivity and convenient operation. It saves the complicated process of pre-experiment, primer validation, literature selection gene and so on for experimental researchers, and can directly understand the differences of key genes in different signaling pathways or diseases.
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